Is working in an insurance company haram?

The objections are to the conventional commercial contract structure rather than to the idea of protecting against loss - Islam has no objection to mutual assistance against misfortune, which is precisely what takaful institutionalises. Scholars also distinguish social insurance schemes run by a state as a welfare function, which most treat as permissible, from commercial policies sold for profit. And where law compels a purchase, most scholars permit the compulsory minimum.

Because the objection is located in the formation of the contract, not in the payment of a claim. When a policy already exists and someone has suffered a loss, processing their claim delivers help to a person in need rather than creating a new problematic contract. Several scholars accept this distinction, particularly for health and motor claims where the alternative is that an injured or sick person goes without.

It matters if you work in that division. Many conventional insurers operate takaful windows with separate funds and independent Shariah supervision, and moving into that division is the shortest available transition. If you remain in the conventional side, the existence of a takaful window elsewhere in the group does not change your own position.